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Human Development Index
Why is it in news?
- The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) published its Human Development Index 2020.
- India ranks at 131 out of 189 countries. India's rank in 2019 was 129.
Details:
- Norway topped the index, followed by Ireland, Switzerland, Hong Kong and Iceland.
- India ranks lowest among BRICS countries. (Russia-52, Brazil-84 and China-85).
- India’s gross national income (GNI) per capita on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP) fell from $6,829 in 2018 to $6,681 in 2019.
- India’s HDI value for 2019 is 0.645, which put the country in the medium human development category.
- Life expectancy for Indian’s at birth was 69.7 years in 2019. It is slighlty lower than the south Asian average of 69.9 years.
Measuring HDI:
- The HDI is the composite measure of every country’s attainment in three basic dimensions:
(1) Standard of living measured by the gross national income (GNI) per capita.
(2)Health measured by the life expectancy at birth.
- Education levels calculated by Mean years of education among the adult population and expected years of schooling for children.
- For the first time, the United Nations Development Programme introduced a new metric to reflect the impact caused by each country’s per-capita carbon emissions and its material footprint.
- The new metric measures the amount of fossil fuels, metals and other resources used to make the goods and services it consumes.
- If this new metric is added to the Index, India would move up eight places in the ranking.