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Margazhi festival
Why is it in News?
- Margazhi festival held in Mumbai on Jan 16.
Details:
- Margazhi festival:
(1) The dance and music festivals, collectively known as the 'Margazhi Festival of Dance and Music,'
(2) Celebrates the spirit of Carnatic music and traditional dance forms in all its glory.
(3) The festival dates back to 1927 when it was first celebrated to commemorate the first anniversary of Madras Music Academy.
(4) The Dance and Music festival is celebrated in Margazhi month of Tamil calendar which coincides with the time duration of mid-December to mid-January
- Carnatic music:
(1) Carnatic music which denotes “traditional” or “codified” music.
(2) Composed of a system of Ragam (Raga) and Thalam (Tala), it has a rich history and tradition.
(3) Purandaradasa (1484-1564), a prolific poet-composer and mystic of Vijayanagar, is considered to be the father of Carnatic music (Carnatic Sangeeta Pitamaha).
(4) Venkatamakhi is regarded as the grand theorist of Carnatic music
(5) Tyagaraja (1767-1847), his contemporaries Syama Sastri and Muttusvami Dikshitar are together known as the “Trinity” of Carnatic music.
(6) Carnatic music originated in South India.
(7) Carnatic is comparatively untouched and developed on the original lines.
(8) Carnatic music has homogenous Indian tradition.
(9) Carnatic music has a restrained and intellectual character.
(10) Carnatic music has no gharanas.
Musical forms of Carnatic Music:
- Gitam: It is the simplest type of composition with an easy and melodious flow of raga.
- Suladi: The Suladi is a talamalika, the sections being in different talas.
- Svarajati: It consists of three sections, called Pallavi, Anupallavi and Charanam. The theme is either devotional, heroic or amorous.
- Jatisavaram: It is noted for the use of rhythmical excellence and the Jati pattern.
- Varnam: It is the only form which does not find a counterpart in Hindustani music. This form is called a Varnam because many of the Svara group patterns called ‘Varnas’ in ancient music are interwoven in its texture.
- Kirtanam: It is valued for the devotional content or Bhakti Bhava of the Sahitya.
- Kriti: It developed from the Kirtanam. It is a highly evolved musical form.
- Pallavi: This is the most important branch of creative music. It allows improvisation