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Kerala’s Genome Survey
Why is it in News?
- The Kerala government has tied up with the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) for a survey.
Details:
- Survey is intended to better understand the genomic variation in the strains of SARS-CoV-2.
- The genome sequencing uses an approach called ‘NextGen’ sequencing,
- NextGen sequencing:
(1) Simultaneous analysis of 1000s of individual genomes.
(2) Picking up of rare variations, sometimes missed by the gold standard RT-PCR test.
- Genome & Genome Sequencing:
(1) A genome is defined as an organism’s complete set of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA), including all of its genes.
(2) Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.
(3) Every human cell contains a pair of chromosomes, each of which has three billion base pairs or one of four molecules that pair in precise ways
(4) Sequencing a genome means deciphering the exact order of base pairs in an individual.
(5) It has been known that the portion of the genes responsible for making proteins called the exome occupies about 1% of the actual gene.
(6) The genome has to be mapped in its entirety to know which genes of a person’s DNA are “mutated”.